Spring Dragon Longevity Tea The Healthiest Tea on Earth The Multifunctional “Magical Grass” In Asia, Gynostemma is known as a “magical grass.” It has been reported to have a wide range of health-promoting benefits. In Asia, Gynostemma is considered to be:* Invigorating (does not cause hyperactivity – not a stimulant) Calming (promotes a sense of peace – not a sedative) Anti-aging (antioxidant and more) Anti-inflammatory (not as a medicine, but to help reduce the factors that cause low grade, sub-clinical chronic inflammation experienced by all humans) Immune-regulating (not as a medicine, but to help support the normal healthy functioning of various immune functions) A respiratory tonic (improves respiratory efficiency) A digestive aid (Gynostemma is very soothing) Gynostemma has been shown in animal studies to have liver and cardiovascular-protecting benefits and to support normal healthy functioning in these organs.* Adaptogenic Benefits The ultimate greatness of Gynostemma lies in its broad-spectrum adaptogenic (stress-modulating) quality.* Adaptogenic herbs improve the efficiency of the metabolic, neurological, immunologic, respiratory, and endocrine systems. Prolonged consumption of Gynostemma tends to have a highly protective quality because it strengthens the adaptive capacity of the person at every level of their life.* Double-Direction Activity Gynostemma has the ability to bring balance to the body under a wide range of stressful circumstances. Japanese studies have indicated that Gynostemma has a double-direction, regulating, adaptogenic influence on the central nervous system. It is calming when one is overexcited and invigorating when one is fatigued. Gynostemma is widely known for its “spirit-lifting” effect on one’s mood. Gynostemma may have a direct strengthening effect on the heart.* Weight Management Support Gynostemma has developed an enormous reputation in Asia as a major aid in weight management programs: Gynostemma can be useful in reducing excessive body fat, when combined with a reasonable exercise program and a healthy diet. It may also help athletes, bodybuilders, or excessively slim people to gain weight. Gynostemma accelerates the body’s metabolism and helps adjust blood sugar and blood fat levels. Although not a laxative, it may help maintain healthy bowel movements. Acts as a scavenger in the digestive system, ridding the body of toxins and toxic microbes. Protects the stomach lining.* Antioxidant & Anti-inflammatory Activity Gynostemma is a potent antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative injury, which can result in chronic inflammation.* Main Active Ingredients: Saponins The saponins in Gynostemma are called gypenosides. There are over 100 gypenosides in Gynostemma. These are responsible for the hepato-protective and adaptogenic qualities of this tonic herb.* The Story of Spring Dragon Longevity Tea In 1972, Japanese researchers reported that Gynostemma tea was being consumed daily as a “longevity tea” by many southern Chinese people. Revered as “magical grass,” it earned its name through its reputed health benefits. Studies revealed that Gynostemma was extremely rich in saponins — even more so than ginseng. As interest grew, cultivation spread, and it became a widely consumed tonic tea. In 1992, Ron Teeguarden, through a serendipitous meeting with Professor Xiao Peigun — one of China’s leading herbal medicine experts — was introduced to the highest-quality Gynostemma. Inspired by traditional methods of supersaturating herbs into tea leaves, Ron created Spring Dragon Longevity Tea with the help of a tea master. In Addition to Gynostemma, This Tea Includes: SchizandraThe “quintessence of Chinese herbs,” used to tonify all systems, cleanse the liver, open the lungs, and nourish the skin. A potent antioxidant.* Goji BerriesA superfood rich in antioxidants, known for enhancing strength, vision, and beauty. Contains immune-potentiating polysaccharides. AstragalusHighly regarded for its immune-regulating effects, energy tonification, and blood support. Eleuthero (Siberian Ginseng)Enhances physical and mental endurance, mood, and stress resilience. Rich in saponins. Luo Han GuoAn exotic fruit used for centuries as a lung tonic. Contains mogroside, an immune-potentiating glucoside. Traditional Function Adaptogenic, anti-aging, immune-regulating, anti-inflammatory, blood sugar-regulating, fat-reducing, tonifying to the Lungs, Heart, Spleen/Pancreas, Liver, and Kidney, and detoxifying. Who Can Use It? Anyone. Concentration Whole cut Gynostemma tea; concentrated herbal extract (8:1) Specifications 20 teabags per box Precautions If you are under a doctor’s supervision for cardiovascular disease, check with your physician prior to using this or any herbal product. Usage Drink 1 – 3 tea bags a day, making from 1 to 10 cups of tea. Note: The statements made regarding these supplements have not been evaluated. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult with your healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise, supplementation program, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. Individual results from the use of these products may vary and are not guaranteed.

Shou Wu Formulation Shou Wu Formulation is a Jing tonic designed to nourish the Kidney Yin, build and maintain Qi, and to enrich and maintain the blood. Shou Wu Formulation can be used as a basic Essence (Jing) tonic by men and women. It is a superb rejuvenation formula. The formula is headed by Polygonum multiflorum (He Shou Wu), one of the most powerful tonic herbs known to mankind. In addition it contains other major tonic herbs. This product supports adaptability, enhances sexual and mental energy, supports the back and knees, supports hair growth, fortifies the senses, builds blood and supports the reproductive tissues and organs in healthy men and women. It is a primal Jing tonic that may be consumed for a lifetime.* The Herbs in Shou Wu Formulation He Shou Wu Root Polygonum multiflorum is one of the most important and widely used Chinese tonic herbs. It shares the position as the primary essence tonic of Chinese herbalism with Goji Berry and Prepared Rehmannia Root. The He Shou Wu plant is traditionally believed to be capable of absorbing huge amounts of Qi from the earth it grows in, and stores this Qi in its root system. He Shou Wu (Polygonummultiflorum) is a tonic to the Kidney and Liver functions. It helps tonify the vital essence and blood. He Shou Wu is a very effective blood tonic. It has been used for this purpose for over two thousand years. Recent research corroborates this ability to build healthy red blood cells in healthy individuals. It supports healthy muscles, tendons and bones. It also helps support healthy aging, helps maintain the youthful condition and color of the hair, helps maintain healthy sperm and ova, and helps support the back and knees of normal, healthy individuals. It is the premier longevity herb of Chinese tonic herbalism. Prepared Rehmannia Root Prepared Rehmannia Root is traditionally said to be the “Kidney’s own food.” It is a fundamental Kidney tonic in Chinese tonic herbalism, and is considered to be a primary longevity herb. It is found in a great many common “anti-aging” formulations. It is considered rejuvenating and life supporting. Prepared Rehmannia Root is a fundamental Yin Jing tonic, providing Yin Jing directly to the Kidney system. The “Kidney” system in Chinese philosophy encompasses the tissues and functions associated with the skeleton, adrenals, sexual glands and organs, the renal system, and the ability to store Jing. Prepared Rehmannia Root is said to benefit sexual functions in men and women and is included in almost every formula that is designed to strengthen reproductive functions, including fertility in healthy individuals. It forms the Yin base of many men’s potency formulas. Prepared Rehmannia Root is a major blood tonic in traditional Chinese herbalism. This is of course of special importance to women, who always need to rebuild blood. Prepared Rehmannia Root, when combined with Dang Gui becomes an even more potent blood tonic. Dang Gui is Chinese herbalism's premier blood tonic. Prepared Rehmannia Root is usually combined with at least one Qi tonic to improve its assimilation and effectiveness. In this formula, Eleuthero (Siberian Ginseng), a major Qi tonic, is used. Eleuthero is a superb adaptogen and is also an excellent blood tonic. It quickly increases vitality as well. Aged Citrus Peel, Red Jujube Date, Licorice Root are all Qi tonics that have the special purpose of helping to regulate Qi and improve digestion and assimilation of the main herbs in this formula. He Shou Wu and, to an even greater degree, Prepared Rehmannia are very rich, so these three herbs are included to make the He Shou Wu and Prepared Rehmannia easily digestible.* Traditional Function: Tonifies Yin Jing and Qi Who can use it? Shou Wu Formulation can be used as a basic Essence tonic by anyone, young or old, male or female. It is a superb antiaging and rejuvenation formula. Concentration: 10:1 Specifications: 100 Capsules 500 mg each Ingredients: He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum) root, Dang Gui root, Eleuthero root, Prepared Rehmannia root, Aged Tangerine rind, Red Jujube fruit, Chinese Licorice root. Other Ingredients: Vegan capsules**, bamboo powder. Usage:Take 3 capsules, 2 times per day or as directed by a healthcare professional Remember Ron Teeguarden’s “First Rule of Tonic Herbalism,” summed up in a single word – Compliance. If you don’t take the herbs, they won’t work.” **Pullulan caps 100% natural, water- soluble polysaccharide produced through a fermentation process; vegetable origin; non-GMO; no starch, preservatives or chemical modifications; gluten free.

He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum) is among the very elite healthy-aging tonic herbs in the world. It is traditionally used to support the Liver, Kidneys, Brain and Sexual organs. Regular consumption of this famous “longevity herb,” the root of Polygonum multiflorum, is used in Asia to help return an aging person to youthfulness and to keep a young person young. It is an unsurpassed Yin Jing tonic, as well as a major blood tonic. It is said to increase energy and to clean the blood. As an essence tonic, it is believed to be a powerful sexual tonic when consumed regularly. He Shou Wu is widely believed in China to increase sperm production in men and to increase fertility in women. It is used in almost all tonics that are believed in the Orient to nurture the hair and teeth. This herb has been consumed by almost every Taoist for the last thousand years, and is fundamental to the practice of the Taoist inner arts. It has been rated on a premier website on Chinese culture as the number one herb in Chinese herbalism for health, well-being and longevity.* Dragon Herbs has an exclusive supplier that provides fully mature He Shou Wu roots that have grown in the ground in a Di Tao (authentic) region for at least 8 years before harvesting (compared to the 1-year-old average on the American market). This He Shou Wu is then prepared by slow cooking in a specific black been for over 36 hours, meeting and surpassing ancient and modern preparation requirements. Dragon Herbs’ advanced extraction process results in a rich, delicious, full-spectrum, complete He Shou Wu tonic elixir that may be used throughout one’s lifetime.* Ingredients: Organic He Shou Wu root extract. Traditional Function Tonifies Blood and Jing, enriches the hair. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. Bitter, sweet, astringent flavor. Slightly warming. Who can use it? Adults Specifications 2 fl. oz. (60 ml) Other Ingredients Water, grain alcohol (30% by volume) Dosage 3-12 Squirts per day as desired or as directed by a health care professional. Shake well before use. The king of Yin Jing tonic herbs Made with 8-year-old semi-wild He Shou Wu roots Prepared by the traditional method with black beans Supports blood production Supports Jing restoration AND Jing maintenance Helps protect the brain Supports healthy aging

Update to video regarding harvesting:Modifilan is made in the US and the raw seaweed is harvested since 2011 in the southern Patagonia bordering region between Argentina and Chile (Puerta Zenteno district) - one of the very few places where larger Laminaria species are still found in the wild habitat. (Not NW Pacific as stated in the video) All of the raw supply is tested, before it is released, at the point of entry by USDA.The powers of seaweeds have been drawn upon for centuries for their ability to prolong life, prevent disease, impart beauty and health. Worldwide research is continuously being done and brown seaweed has been found to be the most beneficial type. MODIFILAN, is the purest, most natural nutritional supplement made from the brown seaweed Laminaria. Extract contains the life essential properties of Organic Iodine, Alginates, Fucoidan and Laminarin. Worldwide scientific studies and clinical research of these elements showed: *Organic Iodine feeds the Thyroid Gland, which controls metabolism and promotes maturation of the nervous system. Iodine is important for thyroid disorders, wherever underactive or overactive. *Alginate is a natural absorbent of radioactive elements, heavy metals and free radicals. It has the unique ability of binding heavy metals and radioactive elements to its own molecules. As the Alginate cannot be broken down by the bile or saliva and cannot be absorbed by the body, it is secreted from the body together with the heavy metals and radioactive substances. *Fucoidan causes certain types of rapidly growing cells to self-destruct. Promoting apoptosis, Fucoidan helps to naturally eliminate harmful cells from the organism. *Laminarin is a polysaccharide helpful for energy levels. These elements, treasured in brown seaweeds, are enhanced by special cold-temperature extraction technology, which does not break their molecular structure. And MODIFILAN is not just another dry seaweed product - it is highly concentrated product. FORTY pounds of raw seaweed is needed to make ONE pound of MODIFILAN. What does MODIFILAN do? - feeds the immune system. - Can help protect against thyroid issues. - Helps to decrease high blood sugar and harmonise cholesterol levels. - Detoxifies the body from heavy metals, radioactive elements, free radicals and toxins. - Helps those who are overweight by improving the function of the gastro-intestinal tract. - Improves the structure of hair and nails and help them to grow. - Help to detoxify smokers from strontium and cadmium.

Product Details Nourishes the 5 primary organ systems (lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen & heart) Increases mental clarity/focus/concentration Natural antidepressant Increases endurance, stamina and enhances athletic performance Respiratory tonic that helps increase oxygen absorption & utilisation Improves post-exercise recovery Provides immunological support Supplement Facts Ingredients: Rhodiola rosea (50%), Lycium barbarum (40%), Schisandra chinensis (10%).Net Weight: 60gServing Size: 1g (half a teaspoon)Serving Per Container: 60Directions: Use as an instant tea, add to smoothies or juice.Nyishar Wild Yogi's Tonic is a high potency formula comprising three of the greatest adaptogenic herbal medicines from ancient mountain-dwelling cultures. All of the herbs in this formula have been used for centuries by yogis and hermits of the Himalayas and the mountains of central and northern Europe, as a healing tonic and a support for the practice of attaining complete mastery over the body and mind. The 'directing herb' in this formula is Rhodiola rosea, the 'supporting herb' is Lycium barbarum (Goji) and the 'harmonising herb' is Schisandra chinensis.Traditionally, Rhodiola rosea was used in the depths of winter as a lung tonic to protect and heal from viral infections, fevers and pneumonia. It was also sued for improving circulation and significantly increasing physical and mental energy. In the Himalayas it was sought after by royalty as a powerful longevity tonic, and it was included in the first ever published Swedish pharmacopeia, due to the fact that it was so popular with the Vikings as a herb for increasing physical and mental endurance. More recently, scientific research has classified Rhodiola as one of the greatest adaptogens that possesses significant antidepressant properties and acts as a stabilising tonic to the central nervous system. It can increase energy, promote cognitive function and alertness, while also improving memory. Due to its 'cool nature', Rhodiola is not over-stimulating.Rhodiola is supported by Lycium barbarum - the fruit of the Goji plant. Traditionally this herb was used as an anti-inflammatory, immune tonic and as a support for the liver, kidneys and blood. TCM has revered this herb for centuries as a nutritive that helps to build back lost vitality and help recovery from chronic and debilitating illness and fatigue. Modern research has proven this medicine as an impressive respiratory and cardiovascular tonic - it strengthens the integrity of blood vessels and lubricates the bronchi and alveoli of the lungs.It stimulates the regeneration processes of the liver and as such has been utilised as a recovery aid for patients undergoing chemotherapy.The medicinal attributes of this formula are harmonised by the presence of Schisandra chinensis - one of the most balanced herbal adaptogens in all of traditional Chinese herbalism. Schisandra contains all six flavours: sweet, sour, salty, spicy, bitter and astringent. Because of this, it is understood nourish and stabilise the five primary elements of the body, the five vital organs, five vessel organs and five sense organs. It was used for centuries as a preventative and treatment for infectious diseases, as a revitalising medicine and as a support for the mind. As a tonic for the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and heart, Schisandra is the perfect harmonising herb to unite the two main protagonists of this story - Rhodiola and Lycium.Nyishar Wild Yogis Tonic is a legendary herbal formula that can support you whether you are recovering from infection, chronic exhaustion/burnout, or need to significantly increase physical and mental performance.Nyishar products and the claims made about them on or through this site have not been evaluated by the MHRA or United States Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your doctor/physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or as a substitute for medication or other treatment prescribed by your doctor/physician or health care provider.

AGING IS A COMPLEX PROCESS Aging is a complex process that is now understood by gerontologists (aging scientists) to be driven by at least 10 key mechanisms. These include: 1. Mitochondrial dysfunction 2. Inflammation (“Inflammaging”) and disrupted cell communication 3. Cellular senesence (“zombie” cells that secrete pro-inflammatory molecules that damage neighboring cells) 4. Protein accumulation inside and outside of cells that hinders cell functions 5. Epigenetic dysregulation (dysfunctional signaling leading to non-optimal changes in which changes are switched on or off) 6. Oxidative damage 7. Dysfunctional DNA methylation 8. Suppressed autophagy and mitophagy (the quality control process of maintaining healthy cells and mitochondria) 9. Reduced stem cell proliferation 10. Telomere shortening (And other mechanisms, like DNA damage, glycation of tissues, and more). "When designing Longenesis, our goal was to create the world’s most comprehensive formula using science-backed ingredients proven to impact on these mechanisms of aging." For example, there are ingredients in the formula like ca-AKG proven to act on several of these mechanisms like improving mitochondrial health, reducing inflammation, reducing oxidative damage, and altering epigenetic signaling (gene expression). Or spermidine, which powerfully stimulates autophagy to allow the body to recycle and repair damaged cell parts. Or fisetin, which has been shown to powerfully clear away senescent cells. Or glucosamine sulfate, which has been shown to transiently challenge mitochondria (like exercise for mitochondria), making them larger and increasing their energy producing capacity – and which has been shown to actually translate into the hard outcomes of increased lifespans in animal models, and has been strongly associated with longer lifespans in humans. All of this is just scratching the surface of the powerful ingredients in Longenesis, and the dozens of mechanisms through which these ingredients are provent to slow down the rate of cellular aging. (A more in-depth examination of the ingredients and the science behind them is below). In addition, there is an enormous focus on safety in our formula. While there are certain ingredients that may enhance longevity, there side effect profile is highly questionable. Things like rapamycin, C60, and metformin (and many other new synethic compounds) fall into this category. In Longenesis, we’ve included only ingredients which have extremely good safety profiles and virtually no risk of harm – and which are natural (rather than synthetic lab-made molecules). YOU CAN SLOW DOWN THE PROCESS OF CELLULAR AGING! To do this you must: Reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation that drives mitochondrial damage and dysfunction Improve your stem cell production and proliferation Clear senescent cells more effectively Build up your internal antioxidant and detoxification defense systems Optimize your genetic expression through proper epigenetic signaling Reduce or eliminate chronic low-grade inflammation Protect your telomeres Restore proper DNA methylation Rebuild your mitochondria This is what Longenesis has been designed to do. COMPLETE TRANSPARENCY ON THE LABEL As always, we operate with complete transparency with the ingredients in our formulas. No “proprietary blends” to hide miniscule dosages of ingredients (as most manufacturers do). We proudly list out all our ingredients and their actual dosages, with nothing to hide. While most manufacturers list out an impressive list of ingredients, what they don’t tell you is that they are typically using 1/5th, 1/10th, or even 1/20th of the proper clinically effective dosages of those ingredients that were actually used in the studies and shown to have benefits. As always, the dose makes the medicine! Just as there is a big difference in workouts between walking 20 steps vs. running a marathon, there is a big difference between using the proper 1,000 mg dose of a compound vs. using only 50 mg. These do not and will not have remotely the same benefit. We encourage you to compare the ingredients, and the dosages of each ingredient to any other longevity formula on the market. You’ll quickly see that our formula is radically more comprehensive in terms of ingredients, and simultaneously uses much larger doses – the clinically effective dosages that are actually used in studies and proven to have benefits. THE PERFECT FORMULATION 12 PREMIUM, CAREFULLY SOURCED, AND SCIENCE-BACKED INGREDIENTS IN THEIR OPTIMAL DOSAGES ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key molecule in mitochondrial energy production that determines the overall rate of electron generation within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It is also essential for the function of several enzymes involved in gene expression and collagen synthesis. These unique roles have implicated AKG in healthy aging longevity [1]. In particular, AKG binds to the enzyme required for energy production (ATP synthase) and inhibits its function, thereby stressing mitochondria and causing adaptations that lead them to become more efficient energy producers [2]. It basically mimics energy restriction without dieting, causing delays in age-related diseases and increases in longevity. GLYCINE Glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid that wears many hats. It is necessary for protein synthesis, particularly that of collagen (the most abundant protein in the body), and an essential component of several biologically important compounds like porphyrins and heme, creatine, glutathione, and purines. It is also an important signaling molecule within the nervous and immune systems. Mice consuming a diet of 8% glycine, about 1 g/kg body weight for a human, from young adulthood onward experience a 4–6% increase in average lifespan [13], and rats consuming a diet of 8% glycine from adolescence onwards experience a 30% increase in both average and maximal lifespan [14]. GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE Glucosamine is a naturally occurring component of crustacean exoskeletons and fungi. Best known for reducing joint pain and improving mobility, few know of its profound mitochondrial benefits and lifespan-extending effects [25]. Several studies have associated glucosamine supplementation with 10–32% reductions in dying from all causes, cancer, or diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems, even after taking into account several known risk factors, such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and metabolic health [26–29]. AC-11 AC-11 is a patented extract of Uncaria tomentosa, also known as cat’s claw, that enhances the body’s natural DNA repair mechanisms. DNA damage is a central feature of the aging process, and its reduction can help counteract virtually all age-related diseases [33]. Much of the DNA repair benefits are owed to the carboxy alkyl ester concentrates within AC-11, particularly quinic acid [34,35]. Supplementation of healthy men and women with 250 or 350 mg of AC-11 significantly increased DNA repair capacity by 12–15% [36]. QUERCETIN PHYTOSOME Quercetin is a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties [41]. In particular, quercetin is able to inhibit the ability or respiratory viruses to enter cells and replicate, essentially reducing the risk of infection [42,43]. It also acts as a zinc ionophore, meaning that it carries zinc ions into cells so that the zinc can prevent viral replication [44]. Even in well-developed countries like the US, respiratory infections are still the 6th leading cause of death and 7th leading cause of lost life due to premature death — that’s more than diabetes, stroke, or breast cancer [45]. In 2020, thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory infections became the 3rd leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer [46]. FISETIN Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonol found in fruits and vegetables best-known for its potent senolytic effects — it’s ability to kill off senescent cells that contribute to aging, disease, and dysfunction throughout the body. Cellular senescence is a natural byproduct of aging. Senescent cells arise when damaged and dysfunctional cells resist removal by normal cell death processes and instead linger in a type of “zombie” state that harms neighboring normal cells. PTEROSTILBENE Pterostilbene is a natural molecule found in fruits, vegetables, and nuts, the best source being blueberries, and is a structural cousin to resveratrol. In supplemental doses, it confers a variety of health benefits that delay the aging process. Two of the most pronounced effects of pterostilbene are its ability to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation, which it does through activation of AMPK (master autophagy controller), activation of Nrf2 (master of the antioxidant response to oxidant exposure), and suppression of NF-kB (master inflammatory signal) [54]. These, in turn, manifest as protection against metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases of aging. LITHIUM Lithium is a non-essential mineral found primarily in rocks. While best-known for its psychotropic effects and use as a psychiatric medication among those with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression, it can have a variety of anti-aging benefits when taken at much lower “microdoses”. Through erosion, lithium can make its way into drinking water, where it correlates to longer lives and reduced premature mortality among those drinking it [103,104]. Other research has documented an increase in telomere-lengthening enzymes from lithium supplementation [105]. In mice, lithium helps offset diseases of aging [106], and psychiatric patients who take lithium show lesser signs of aging compared to those who don’t take it [107]. In older adults with mild cognitive impairment, using lithium for one year slowed the rate of cognitive decline and significantly reduced brain concentrations of tau proteins, a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease [108]. LUTEIN AND ZEAXANTHIN Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids abundant in green leafy vegetables and egg yolk that preferentially accumulate in the retina and its supporting structures to protect the eyes against oxidative stress from light [61], which has massive implications for age-related vision loss. Lutein and zeaxanthin protect the eyes in two ways [62–64]: They situate themselves in front of delicate functional structures of the retina, such as photoreceptors, and directly absorb blue light (about 40%, on average) before it ever reaches the structures and has a chance to cause oxidative stress. They are powerful antioxidant molecules that neutralize free radicals produced within the eye when blue light reacts with vitamin A derivatives, chromophores, and mitochondria. There is strong evidence supporting lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation for the prevention and treatment of age-related eye diseases like macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. SPERMIDINE Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine that we synthesize and obtain from food. It regulates a variety of biological processes such as cell growth and proliferation, tissue regeneration, DNA and RNA stabilization, enzymatic modulation, and regulation of translation, among others. The primary mechanism of action of spermidine is its ability to engage molecular pathways that are stimulated through calorie restriction, particularly the promotion of autophagy (the cleanup of old and damaged cells) [85,86]. While we make enough spermidine to satisfy our requirements in young adulthood, our ability declines with age, thus requiring sufficient dietary intake [87]. ERGOTHIONEINE Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid that humans cannot synthesize and instead obtain exclusively through their diet. After consumption, it accumulates throughout the body, where it plays a role in many age-related diseases [94]. While levels increase through young adulthood, they begin to decline in old age [95–97]. The American biochemist Bruce Ames has conducted numerous studies looking at how nutrient insufficiencies over the lifetime contribute to mitochondrial decay and degenerative diseases, coining the term Triage Theory as a result [98,99]. Essentially, when nutrients are scarce, the body will prioritize their use for survival rather than long-term health. References